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How did an archduke’s trip lead to war?
It seemed like a bad idea for Austrian archduke Franz Ferdinand to make a trip to the Bosnian city of Sarajevo (SAR-uh-YAY-voh). After all, Austria had taken over Bosnia and Herzegovina just six years earlier, and many Bosnians were still bitterly opposed to Austrian rule.
Bosnia was also the home of many Serbs and ethnic Slavs who were equally outraged by Austria’s actions. Ser-bian leaders hoped to expand Serbia by uniting the ethnic Slavs in Bosnia, but Austria-Hungary stood in the way. Now the future ruler of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was com-ing to pay a visit.
Franz Ferdinand’s visit to Sarajevo fell on June 28, which was also St. Vitus Day, a holiday that symbolized Ser-bian unity. Members of a Serbian terrorist group known as the Black Hand plotted to kill Franz Ferdinand.
On the day that the archduke visited Sarajevo, seven members of the Black Hand positioned themselves around the city to watch for him. One would-be assassin, 19-year-old Gavrilo Princip, had just stepped out of a sandwich shop when Franz Ferdinand’s car pulled up in front of him. Unable to believe his luck, Princip grabbed his pistol and fired, killing both the archduke and the archduke’s wife, Sophie. This assassination started a chain of events that, within weeks, would pull most of Europe into the largest war the world had ever seen.
Bosnia was also the home of many Serbs and ethnic Slavs who were equally outraged by Austria’s actions. Ser-bian leaders hoped to expand Serbia by uniting the ethnic Slavs in Bosnia, but Austria-Hungary stood in the way. Now the future ruler of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was com-ing to pay a visit.
Franz Ferdinand’s visit to Sarajevo fell on June 28, which was also St. Vitus Day, a holiday that symbolized Ser-bian unity. Members of a Serbian terrorist group known as the Black Hand plotted to kill Franz Ferdinand.
On the day that the archduke visited Sarajevo, seven members of the Black Hand positioned themselves around the city to watch for him. One would-be assassin, 19-year-old Gavrilo Princip, had just stepped out of a sandwich shop when Franz Ferdinand’s car pulled up in front of him. Unable to believe his luck, Princip grabbed his pistol and fired, killing both the archduke and the archduke’s wife, Sophie. This assassination started a chain of events that, within weeks, would pull most of Europe into the largest war the world had ever seen.
Chapter 12 Vocabulary
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TRENCH WARFARE
The first major trench lines were completed in late November 1914. At their peak, the trenches built by both sides extended nearly 400 miles from Nieuport, on the Belgian coast, to the Swiss border. Among the Allies, the Belgians occupied 40 miles, the British occupied 90 miles and the French occupied the rest.Experts calculate that along the western front, the Allies and Central Powers dug nearly 6,2500 miles of trenches by the end of 1914.
Trench Facts
- Each battalion had its own supply of rum that it distributed to its soldiers. Each division of 20,000 men received 300 gallons.
- Every soldier carried iron rations -- emergency food that consisted of a can of bully bee, biscuits and a tin of tea and sugar.
- A single pair of rats could produced up to 880 offspring in a year.
- A total of 3,894 men in the British Army were convicted of self-inflicted wounds. A firing-squad offense -- none were executed, but all served prison terms.
- The British Army treated 20,000 soldiers for trench foot during the winter of 1914-15.
- One-third of all casualties on the Western Front may have been killed or wounded in a trench.
- A lit candle was fairly effective in removing lice, but the skill of burning the lice without setting yourself on fire was difficult to learn.
- Soldiers in the trenches often depended on impure water collected from shell-holes or other cavities, causing dysentery.
World War 1: PostCards From the Trenches
Create a Postcard: On one slide, you will need a picture of your location and setting. The other slide will contain your experiences in the trenches. Your postcard should have an opening and closing situation and include terms and ideas discussed in class. Minimum of 8 sentences. Include an address and a “stamp” on the postcard.
World War 1 in Color: Slaughter in the Trenches
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